مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 30، زمستان 1393)

Liver is a vital organ of the human bodies which continuing of life is impossible without it. Cyclophophamide is an anti-cancer drug using in chemotherapy. The purpose of this study is to find an appropriate anti-oxidant and evaluate the effect of ginseng extraction to reduce the complications of cyclophosphamide on liver. Methods and Materials: We examined 60 adult female rats which were from wistar race. We classified our samples to six groups namely, control group which did not receive any drug, experimental group 1 which daily received 5mg/kg/bw of cyclophosphamide, experimental group 2 which received 2gr/kg/bw of ginseng extraction. In addition experimental groups of 3, 4 and 5 have received 0.5, 1 and 2 gr/kg/bw of hydro alcoholic ginseng extract together with 5mg/kg/bw cyclophosphamide. The slides were prepared by tissue processing from the liver tissue and then studied. The cells of control group were normal. In experimental group 1, hydropic swelling of the liver cells and cell necrosis was excessive. In experimental group 2, no changes were observed in liver tissue. In experimental group 3, destruction of hepatocytes in the liver cells as well as the congestion exposure and lymphocyte infiltration was observed less than the experimental group1. In experimental groups 4, hepatocyte destruction in the liver cells was less than experimental group 1 and 3. In experimental groups 5, hepatocyte destruction in the liver cells was less than the experimental groups 1 and 4. Cyclophosphamide can by various mechanisms among them producing active oxygen species the reason of distraction in liver tissue, but extract of ginseng is reducing some of the complications of cyclophosphamide.

Obesity is a chronic disease whose incidence is increasing worldwide and has resulted in the development of many diseases including diabetes, heart – cardiovascular disease, hypertension and some cancers. A wide variety of methods have been offered to treat obesity; the herbal therapy is considered as one of these methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Salep plant roots on leptin serum level and body weight in male rats. In this experimental study, 50 adult male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups equally: control (no drug), sham(which received 1 ml of distilled water), the experimental group 1 (receiver 20 mg / kg aqueous extract of Salep plant roots), experimental group 2 (receiving 40 mg / kg aqueous extract of Salep) and experimental group 3 (receiver 80 mg / kg aqueous extract of Salep plant). In the experimental groups, the extract was injected intraperitoneally for 28 days. In the twenty-ninth day, the mice were bled for the assessment of leptin hormone serum level. Body weight was measured daily throughout the experiment. the dose-dependently injection of the aqueous extract of the Salep plant roots led to a significant increase in leptin hormone serum level and significant decrease in food intake and body weight in comparison to control(p<0.05). The aqueous extract of the Salep plants roots reduces the body weight by increasing leptin hormone serum level.

Childbirth is one of the important and most painful phenomena that mothers experience in their lifetime. Acupressure and Reflexology are complementary therapy approaches and techniques that are simple, easy, inexpensive, non-invasive and non-pharmacological methods of pain relief. The aim of the research was to detrmine and compares the effect of acupressure at the SP6 point and reflexology on pain intensity and duration of first stage of labor Materials and Methods The present study was a randomized clinical trial. It was done on 92 low risk pregnant women in the delivery room of Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital (from February to Jun 2014). They were categorized into 35 women in the acupressure group, 35 in the reflexology group and in the third group 36 samples received routine care. The three groups were as same as each other in the point of view of demographic and obstetrical characteristics. The data gathering tools were included a demographic questionnaire and an examination checklist. In addition, the severity of pain was evaluated with the visual analogue scale (0 to 10cm). In all groups pregnant women were asked to evaluate the severity of pain experienced at the start of the study, before and after the first (dilatation 4-5) and second (dilatation 7-8) intervention. Kruskal Wallis test has showed no significant difference for pain severity at the start of study and before the first intervention among these three groups, however, the statistical test has shown significance differences after the first intervention, before and after the second intervention among them. The intensity of pain has increased significantly in the routine care group (P= 0.001). Our finding has indicated that the average pain score in the acupressure group was lower than reflexology group, but the Mann-Whitney test has shown no significant differences. The pain intensity of labor before and after of intervention with the Wilcoxon test in both stages has indicated that there were no significant differences after intervention in comparison with before the intervention in acupressure and reflexology group. However, in the routine care group the intensity of pain has significantly increased (P=0. 001). This study showed that foot reflexology and acupressure at the SP6 pain are effective in reducing labor pain. Application of no pharmacologic pain reduction technique instead of the pharmacological methods to relieve labor pain recommends.

Physical activity and age are the factors affecting on the lactate level and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of intermittent training on blood lactate level and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in old and yang male Wistar rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into two old (aged 27 months and weight 389±31 g) and young groups (aged 3 ± 4 months and weight 224±14 g) and they were selected as a case study.Each group was assigned into the training (n = 10) and control (n=10) groups randomly.Training group performed encremental intermittent exercise on a treadmill 6 times/wk for 8wk. It consisted of 10 bouts of 4 min running interspersed by 2 min of active rest. Rats were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine (100 mg/kg b/wt) and xylazine (10 mg/kg b/wt). To measure lactate and LDH, blood sample was obtained via cardiac puncture at rest, 24 hours after the last session exercise. For data analysis, statistical significance was assessed by one way-ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests. All data are reported as means ±SD. The results showed no significant differences in blood lactate level between four groups, but LDH enzyme activity in the young training group was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0/ 05). These results indicate that lactate is likely decreased by intermittent training. It is benefit for lactate clearance after exercise. Furthrermore, it seems that the effect of training on lactate clearance is similar for both young and elderly. This potential is important advantage for muscle glycogen replenishment and may in turn favor better muscle pH regulation.

A number of factors can affect hematological measurements among which the effect of blood sample collection procedures by nurses in hematology test results is of great importance. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of determining and comparing the experimental values of complete blood cell count through taking blood samples from peripheral vein infusion of intravenous fluids and routine blood sampling procedure while receiving continuous IV fluids. This quasi-experimental intervention study was done on 60 patients hospitalized in the internal medicine ward who were selected for blood sampling. Two samples were taken from each patient through a peripheral intravenous line after throwing the first 5 cc of IV away and collecting the remaining 5 cc and through the routine blood sampling procedure for the case and control group, respectively. Then all the samples were analyzed in terms of the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and Hematocrit using SPSS software19, paired t-test and Pearson correlation. The mean values of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and Hematocrit in the case group were 9694 mm3, 4433000 mm3, 240166 mm3, 12.52 gr/dl, 38.90% and 9587 mm3, 4588800 mm3, 244800 mm3, 12.68 gr/dl, 38.96% in the control group, respectively. A significant difference was only observed in hemoglobin values between the case and control groups. In order to measure the amount of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets and Hematocrit, blood samples taken from peripheral vein infusion can be used after throwing away 5 cc at the beginning of the sampling.

Chamomilla plant species that are valued in traditional medicine for thousands of years has been used for the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chamomilla flower extract on pituitary-gonadal axis in adult male rats. In this experimental study, 45 adult male Wistar rats with an average weight of 300-250 g divided into five groups: control group, sham group and experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 divided doses, respectively 10, 20 and 40 mg kg, intraperitoneally chamomile flower extract for 14 consecutive days to receive. After anesthesia and the ventricular blood samples were collected and the serum separated and serum gonadotropin hormone and testosterone were measured by RIA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The seromal concentration of testosterone showed a significant decrease in experimental groups as sham (p≤ (05/0. On the other hand, the seromal concentration of gonadotropins no showed a significant variety in experimental groups as control group. Considering the results of this study within the peritoneal chamomile can reduce testosterone secretion in the male rat.

Abstract The pain after nephrectomy, just as any other surgery, is one of the problems that the surgeons confront. Given that acupuncture is a therapeutical method with thousand of years of history, and has been effective for pain relief, we decided to evaluate the relieving effect of this therapeutical method on the pain experienced after nephrectomy. This was a clinical trial study that was performed on candiadate patients for nephrectomy. After matching for sex and age, the patients were devided into two groups of acupuncture and sham. In acupuncture group 4 points were stimulated for 30 minutes and in sham group other points were ineffectively stimulated for 30 minutes. Then the pain experienced in the first 6 hours after the surgery was registered by a blind observer upon acupuncture based on VAS. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and T-test. Our results showed that in acupuncture group pain severity was significatly lower than sham group (P value <0.05) and also in true acupuncture group there were 6 patients who required the opioids compared to 12 patients in sham group. Mean opiate demand in sham group was significantly more than acupunture group (P value < 0.05). acupuncture in patients undergoing nephrectomy, can reduce pain severity and demand for the opioids.

Multiple sclerosis is the most common cause of progressive neurological disability in young adults who may be sexually active. MS patients experience high levels of sexual dysfunction with hypoactive sexual behavior and abnormalities in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis. In present study, we aimed to evaluate sexual dysfunctions and correlation between serum levels of sex hormones during menstrual cycle and the sexual response of women with MS. A total of 30 female MS patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) aged from 20 to 40 years (average=31.46) divided according to expanded disability status scale into 3 groups (EDSS<1.5, EDSS=1.5-3, EDSS>3) and 30 female age-matched healthy control (average=32.09) subjects were included into the study. The female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire was used to determine sexual dysfunctions. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol and testosterone were checked in follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle. We observed significant hormonal abnormalities consisted of decreased testosterone levels in follicular and luteal phases, decreased oestradiol and FSH levels in luteal phases and increased oestradiol levels in follicular phases during menstrual cycle. FSFI scores in MS patients including desire, arousal, orgasm and lubrication were significantly lower than the healthy group. The results showed that MS disease can affect sex hormone levels in follicular and luteal phases. In this study we observed a positive correlation between serum hormone levels and some domains of FSFI. Thus serum levels of sex hormones can affect sexual functions in MS patients.